基于ULS、TLS和超声测高仪的天然次生林中不同林冠层树高估测

【目的】应用不同数据源分析不同林冠层中探测提取树高的异同,探索适用于中国北方天然次生林树高估测的方法。【方法】以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场中林施业区0.25 hm²样地为研究区域,基于无人机激光雷达(unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning, ULS)、地基激光雷达(terrestrial laser scanning,TLS)和Vertex IV超声测高仪实测单木树高,根据冠层高度分布(canopy height distribution, CHD)对林冠层进行分层,对不同林冠层(上层和下层)、不同树木类型(针叶树和阔叶树)探测提取的树高进行对比与分析。【结果】由CHD计算得到的冠层分层阈值为8.5 m。树高的离群值大多产生在林冠上层,阔叶树比针叶树更容易产生离群值,ULS比TLS更容易产生离群值。在林冠上层,ULS比TLS估测树高的相对均方根误差(rRMSE)低2.56%,ULS提取针叶树树高的rRMSE比阔叶树低2.68%;在林冠下层,ULS仅能探测到少量树木,ULS比TLS探测提取树高的 rRMSE高6.31%,TLS提取针叶树树高的rRMSE比阔叶树低1.16%。【结论】针叶树的树高估测精度普遍高于阔叶树;当TLS和ULS均能对单木进行完全扫描时,具有准确提取树高的潜力;树高离群值多由冠型不规则或相互交叉的阔叶树产生,而大部分针叶树,由于具有规则的冠型,所以产生的离群值较少;基于CHD对林冠层进行划分能够较好地反映不同数据源估测树高的适用范围,具有一定的推广意义。     

基于扫描数据零件轮廓特征自动识别的方法

主要研究基于扫描数据自动识别零件轮廓特征的方法与技术．首先给出了零件轮廓特征自动识别的工作流程，然后提出了零件轮廓特征自动识别的原理与算法，最后通过具体实例验证了本方法的优点及可行性。     

扫描探针检测交变力场

设计了一个可检测交变力场的扫描探针系统，针尖受到与样品间的交变电场力或磁场力的作用而振动，针尖振动由一超外差激光干涉仪检测。从而确定作用力的大小，该文分析了系统的灵敏度，测量了针尖与样品间的交变电场力随两者间距的变化曲线，对周期性分布的电场进行了一维扫描检测，并进行了金属薄膜厚度的测量。该文还利用磁性探针进行了交变磁场力的检测，系统的电磁力检测灵敏度为１０＾－１１Ｎ。     

Choroidal and iris angioarchitecture of the newt: A scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts

The corrosion cast technique provided for the first time an excellent three-dimensional visualization of the vascular pattern of the choroid and iris in the newt eye. The results show the presence of a single arterial afference to the choroidal and iris capillaries: the ophthalmic artery is the origin fo both ciliary arteries and the long posterior ciliary artery. Slightly behind the equatorial circumference of the eyeball the venous drainage consists of a single vessel on the dorsal side and two distinct vessels on the ventral one. It receives blood from both iris and choroid. The surface of the plastic endocasts shows some details of fine luminal structures of the endothelial cells. Shallow depressions may be regarded as imprints of endothelial cell nuclei, and they are distinctly different for arteries and capillaries. The angioarchitecture of the newt eye differs from that of brain in that hairpin-shaped capillary loops are not observed at all.     

基于线性元的电阻抗成像的数学模型和算法

本文讨论了电阻抗成像的数学模型，先利用有限元方法将其离散化，再把它转化为非线性优化问题，并给出了利用牛顿法求解这一问题的具体算法．最后进行了一系列数值仿真对比实验，证实了这一算法的有效性，指出了其中存在的问题．     

家兔髋关节软骨扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对家兔髋关节软骨观察发现:月状面软骨表面和股骨头软骨表面均具由纤维编织而成的网状层,月状面软骨顶部,纤维交错,网状层形态结构复杂而又丰厚;前部与后部次之,股骨头顶部,关节软骨表面的网状层显著低矮、致密,并有一矩形凹陷;下部,网状层呈斑块状,高低错落。     

利用扫描电镜分析砍创性骨外伤的研究

在大型显微镜下，对锐器（单刃刀）和钝器（短柄斧）形成的骨外伤的微观形态进行了分析研究．结果表明：通过特征识别骨外伤的砍切痕迹，往往误差较大，某些肉眼看不见的三维特征通过微观分析可以清晰地识别．着重强调扫描电镜（SEM）在骨外伤鉴定中，具有重要的使用价值．     

Radar Imaging Based on Iterative Algorithms

It has long been realized that the problem of radar imaging is a special case of image reconstruction in which the data are incomplete and noisy. In other fields, iterative reconstruction algorithms have been used successfully to improve the image quality. This paper studies the application of iterative algorithms in radar imaging. A discrete model is first derived, and the iterative algorithms are then adapted to radar imaging. Although such algorithms are usually time consuming, this paper shows that, if the algorithms are appropriately simplified, it is possible to realize them even in real time. The efficiency of iterative algorithms is shown through computer simulations.     

A non-commutative time-frequency tomography

The characterization of non-stationary signal requires joint time and frequency information. However, time and frequency are a pair of non-commuting variables that cannot constitute a joint probability density in the time-frequency plane. The time-frequency distributions have difficult interpretation problems arising from negative and complex values or spurious components. In this paper, we get time-frequency information from the marginal distributions in rotated directions in the time-frequency plane. The rigorous probability interpretation of the marginal distributions is without any ambiguities. This time-frequency transformation is similar to the computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT) and is applied to signal analysis and signal detection and reveals a lot of advantages especially in the signal detection of the low signal/noise (S/N).     

吉木萨尔陆相页岩油微观赋存类型

为了更好地认识页岩油微观赋存状态及类型,避免实验过程中水钻取样对原油分布的影响,选取吉木萨尔页岩典型含油岩芯,采用全程液氮钻、切、磨制样工序,通过全能谱扫描电子显微镜、二次电子成像及背散射相结合的技术手段,获得微观储层矿物类型和结构、储集空间类型、形貌以及C, O, Si, Al, Ca, K, Na,Mg等元素在微、纳米尺度的分布。依据去除矿物因素后的C元素含量分布,判别原油在微、纳米空间尺度的富集程度。结合矿物岩石组构和储集空间形貌,对微、纳米尺度页岩油原油的赋存状态及分布类型进行直观的定量表征,并基于C元素含量推测微观含油饱和度的相对变化。针对原油与孔喉的配置关系,进行储层微观孔喉结构与原油赋存状态的表征,明确原油赋存类型。总结出研究区4种微观原油赋存类型:白云质溶蚀微米级大孔道中的可动油、砂质粒间微纳米级孔中可动油、砂质粒间孔喉壁吸附的半束缚状态的油膜以及自生黏土矿物晶间孔内束缚油。